Chitin-induced systemic disease resistance in rice requires both OsCERK1 and OsCEBiP and is mediated via perturbation of cell-wall biogenesis in leaves

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<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type="bullet"><jats:list-item><jats:p>Chitin is a well-known elicitor of disease resistance whose recognition by plants is crucial to perceive fungal infections. Chitin can induce both a local immune response and a systemic disease resistance when provided as a supplement in soils. Unlike local immune responses, how chitin-induced systemic disease resistance is deployed has not been studied in detail.</jats:p></jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>In this study, we evaluated systemic disease resistance against the fungal pathogen <jats:italic>Bipolaris oryzae</jats:italic> by performing a transcriptome analysis and monitoring cell-wall composition in rice plants grown in chitin-supplemented soils. We also examined the local immune response to chitin by measuring the production of reactive oxygen species in leaves.</jats:p></jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Chitins induced both local immune response and systemic disease resistance with differing requirements for the receptors OsCERK1 and OsCEBiP. Transcriptome analysis suggested that a perturbation in cell-wall biogenesis is involved in the induction of systemic disease resistance, an idea which was supported by the induction of disease resistance by treatment with a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor and alterations of cell-wall composition.</jats:p></jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>These findings suggest that chitin-induced systemic disease resistance in rice is caused by a perturbation of cell-wall biogenesis in leaves through long-distance signalling after recognition of chitins by OsCERK1 and OsCEBiP.</jats:p></jats:list-item></jats:list></jats:p>

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