Nature‐Inspired Design and Application of Lipidic Lyotropic Liquid Crystals

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  • Raffaele Mezzenga
    ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology Schmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
  • John M. Seddon
    Chemistry Department Imperial College London MSRH Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
  • Calum J. Drummond
    School of Science RMIT University GPO Box 2476 Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
  • Ben J. Boyd
    Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University (Parkville Campus) 381 Royal Parade Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
  • Gerd E. Schröder‐Turk
    College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education Murdoch University 90 South St Murdoch WA 6150 Australia
  • Laurent Sagalowicz
    Institute of Materials Science Nestlé Research Center CH‐1000 Lausanne 26 Switzerland

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Amphiphilic lipids aggregate in aqueous solution into a variety of structural arrangements. Among the plethora of ordered structures that have been reported, many have also been observed in nature. In addition, due to their unique morphologies, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, very high internal interfacial surface area, and the multitude of possible order−order transitions depending on environmental changes, very promising applications have been developed for these systems in recent years. These include crystallization in inverse bicontinuous cubic phases for membrane protein structure determination, generation of advanced materials, sustained release of bioactive molecules, and control of chemical reactions. The outstanding diverse functionalities of lyotropic liquid crystalline phases found in nature and industry are closely related to the topology, including how their nanoscopic domains are organized. This leads to notable examples of correlation between structure and macroscopic properties, which is itself central to the performance of materials in general. The physical origin of the formation of the known classes of lipidic lyotropic liquid crystalline phases, their structure, and their occurrence in nature are described, and their application in materials science and engineering, biology, medical, and pharmaceutical products, and food science and technology are exemplified.</jats:p>

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