Health of the Food Environment Is Associated With Heart Failure Mortality in the United States
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- Keerthi T. Gondi
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.T.G., J.L., A.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
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- John Larson
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.T.G., J.L., A.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
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- Aaron Sifuentes
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.T.G., J.L., A.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
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- Neil B. Alexander
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine (N.B.A.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
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- Matthew C. Konerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.C.K., S.L.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
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- Kali S. Thomas
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (K.S.T.).
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- Scott L. Hummel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.C.K., S.L.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
抄録
<jats:sec> <jats:title>Background:</jats:title> <jats:p>Food environment factors contribute to cardiovascular disease, but their effect on population-level heart failure (HF) mortality is unclear.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title> <jats:p>We utilized the National Vital Statistics System and USDA Food Environment Atlas to collect HF mortality rates (MR) and 2 county food environment indices: (1) food insecurity percentage (FI%) and (2) food environment index (FEI), a scaled index (0–10, 10 best) incorporating FI% and access to healthy food. We used linear regression to estimate the association between food environment and HF MR</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results:</jats:title> <jats:p> Mean county FI% and FEI were 13% and 7.8 in 2956 included counties. Counties with FI% above the national median had significantly higher HF MR (30.7 versus 26.7 per 100 000; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <0.001) compared with FI% below the national median. Counties with HF MR above the national median had higher FI%, lower FEI, lower density of grocery stores, poorer access to stores among older adults, and lower Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation rate ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <0.001 for all). Lower county FI% (β=−1.3% per 1% decrease) and higher county FEI (β=−3.6% per 1-unit increase in FEI) were significantly associated with lower HF MR after adjustment for county demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors. This association was stronger for HF MR compared with non-HF cardiovascular disease MR and all-cause MR The relationship between food environment and HF MR was stronger in counties with the highest income inequity and poverty rate. </jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title> <jats:p>Healthier food environment is significantly associated with lower HF mortality at the county level. This reinforces the role of food security on cardiovascular outcomes.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
収録刊行物
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- Circulation: Heart Failure
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Circulation: Heart Failure 15 (12), 2022-12
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)