Stem Cell Therapy for Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies

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  • Inês Serrenho
    Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
  • Miguel Rosado
    CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
  • Alexandra Dinis
    Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
  • Carla M. Cardoso
    Crioestaminal, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
  • Mário Grãos
    CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
  • Bruno Manadas
    CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
  • Graça Baltazar
    Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal

Description

<jats:p>Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the perinatal period. This condition results from a period of ischemia and hypoxia to the brain of neonates, leading to several disorders that profoundly affect the daily life of patients and their families. Currently, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the standard of care in developing countries; however, TH is not always effective, especially in severe cases of HIE. Addressing this concern, several preclinical studies assessed the potential of stem cell therapy (SCT) for HIE. With this systematic review, we gathered information included in 58 preclinical studies from the last decade, focusing on the ones using stem cells isolated from the umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord tissue, placenta, and bone marrow. Outstandingly, about 80% of these studies reported a significant improvement of cognitive and/or sensorimotor function, as well as decreased brain damage. These results show the potential of SCT for HIE and the possibility of this therapy, in combination with TH, becoming the next therapeutic approach for HIE. Nonetheless, few preclinical studies assessed the combination of TH and SCT for HIE, and the existent studies show some contradictory results, revealing the need to further explore this line of research.</jats:p>

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