Recent Advances in Scaffold Design and Material for Vascularized Tissue‐Engineered Bone Regeneration

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  • Shi Yin
    Department of Prosthodontics Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
  • Wenjie Zhang
    Department of Prosthodontics Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
  • Zhiyuan Zhang
    Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai 200011 China
  • Xinquan Jiang
    Department of Prosthodontics Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Bone tissue is a highly vascularized tissue and concomitant development of the vascular system and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenesis and angioblasts. Several strategies have been applied to achieve vascularized tissue‐engineered bone, including the addition of cytokines as well as pre‐vascularization strategies and co‐culture systems. However, the scaffold is another extremely important component to consider, and development of vascularized bone scaffolds remains one of the greatest challenges for engineering clinically relevant bone substitutes. Here, this review highlights the biomaterial selection, preparation of pre‐vascularized scaffolds, composition modification of the scaffold, structural design, and the comprehensive use of the above synergistic modifications of scaffold materials for vascular scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, a strategy is proposed for the design of future scaffold structures, in which promoting the regeneration of vascularized bone by regulating the microenvironment should be the main focus. This overview can help illuminate progress in this field and identify the most recently developed scaffolds that show the greatest potential for achieving clinically vascularized bone.</jats:p>

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