Glioblastoma multiforme-derived extracellular vesicles drive normal astrocytes towards a tumour-enhancing phenotype

  • Soliman Oushy
    University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
  • Justin E. Hellwinkel
    University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
  • Mary Wang
    Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
  • Ger J. Nguyen
    Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
  • Dicle Gunaydin
    Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
  • Tessa A. Harland
    University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
  • Thomas J. Anchordoquy
    Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
  • Michael W. Graner
    Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA

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<jats:p>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating tumour with abysmal prognoses. We desperately need novel approaches to understand GBM biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanospheres released locally and systemically by all cells, including tumours, with tremendous potential for intercellular communication. Tumour EVs manipulate their local environments as well as distal targets; EVs may be a mechanism for tumourigenesis in the recurrent GBM setting. We hypothesized that GBM EVs drive molecular changes in normal human astrocytes (NHAs), yielding phenotypically tumour-promoting, or even tumourigenic, entities. We incubated NHAs with GBM EVs and examined the astrocytes for changes in cell migration, cytokine release and tumour cell growth promotion via the conditioned media. We measured alterations in intracellular signalling and transformation capacity (astrocyte growth in soft agar). GBM EV-treated NHAs displayed increased migratory capacity, along with enhanced cytokine production which promoted tumour cell growth. GBM EV-treated NHAs developed tumour-like signalling patterns and exhibited colony formation in soft agar, reminiscent of tumour cells themselves. GBM EVs modify the local environment to benefit the tumour itself, co-opting neighbouring astrocytes to promote tumour growth, and perhaps even driving astrocytes to a tumourigenic phenotype. Such biological activities could have profound impacts in the recurrent GBM setting.</jats:p> <jats:p>This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment’.</jats:p>

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