<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims</jats:title><jats:p>This scoping review was conducted to provide a comprehensive summary of how electroencephalogram (EEG) and event‐related potentials (ERPs) have been used in nursing research, with the goal of mapping the themes and methods of nursing research involving EEGs or ERPs as a measurement tool.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The eligibility criteria were determined according to the Population, Concept, and Context principle. A systematic electronic search of articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, and Scopus databases was carried out for the period from database establishment to November 21, 2022. The included studies were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The review process culminated in 45 articles, evidencing an increasing trend and dispersion characteristics of EEG in nursing research and reflecting five thematic domains of inquiry related to nursing. There was a deficiency of detailed reports of EEG recording and data analysis parameters in nursing research. The common EEG bands in nursing research were Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma. The ERP components used frequently were P3, P2, N1, N2, P1, N170, and feedback‐related negativity.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>The wide variety of EEG components used show broad potential for studying nursing questions. In the future, it will be necessary to increase the depth of the research content, the repeatability of the experiment and the standardization of the report. Nursing researchers should give full play to the characteristics of nursing and establish a systematic and complete EEG research system for nursing.</jats:p></jats:sec>