The relationship between midlife dyslipidemia and lifetime incidence of dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies

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  • Jason Wee
    Fiona Stanley Hospital South Metropolitan Health Service Perth Western Australia Australia
  • Sara Sukudom
    University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
  • Saiuj Bhat
    Royal Perth Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
  • Matti Marklund
    The George Institute for Global Health University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
  • Niridu Jude Peiris
    Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
  • Camilla M Hoyos
    Faculty of Science and School of Psychology and Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology Woolcock Institute of Medical Research The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
  • Sanjay Patel
    Heart Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia
  • Sharon L Naismith
    Faculty of Science and School of Psychology Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
  • Girish Dwivedi
    University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
  • Ashish Misra
    Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to review the relationship between midlife dyslipidemia and lifetime incident dementia.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The databases Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched from inception to February 20, 2022. Longitudinal studies examining the relationship between midlife lipid levels on dementia, dementia subtypes, and/or cognitive impairment were pooled using inverse‐variance weighted random‐effects meta‐analysis.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen studies (1.2 million participants) were included. Midlife hypercholesterolemia was associated with increased incidence of mild cognitive impairment (effect size [ES] = 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19 to 2.84; <jats:italic>I<jats:sup>2</jats:sup></jats:italic> = 0.0%) and all‐cause dementia (ES = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.21; <jats:italic>I<jats:sup>2</jats:sup></jats:italic> = 0.0%). Each 1 mmol/L increase in low‐density lipoprotein was associated with an 8% increase (ES = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.14; I<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.3%) in incidence of all‐cause dementia.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>Midlife dyslipidemia is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in later life.</jats:p></jats:sec>

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