Surface sterilization for isolation of endophytes: Ensuring what (not) to grow

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  • Pramod K. Sahu
    ICAR‐National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur Maunath Bhanjan Uttar Pradesh India
  • Jyotsana Tilgam
    ICAR‐National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur Maunath Bhanjan Uttar Pradesh India
  • Sushma Mishra
    Plant Biotechnology Laboratory Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed‐to‐be‐University) Agra Uttar Pradesh India
  • Saima Hamid
    Department of Plant Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir India
  • Amrita Gupta
    Department of Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
  • Jayalakshmi K.
    ICAR‐National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur Maunath Bhanjan Uttar Pradesh India
  • Satish K. Verma
    Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
  • Ravindra N. Kharwar
    Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India

説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Endophytic microbiota opens a magnificent arena of metabolites that served as a potential source of medicines for treating a variety of ailments and having prospective uses in agriculture, food, cosmetics, and many more. There are umpteen reports of endophytes improving the growth and tolerance of plants. In addition, endophytes from lifesaving drug‐producing plants such as <jats:italic>Taxus, Nothapodytes, Catharanthus</jats:italic>, and so forth have the ability to produce host mimicking compounds. To harness these benefits, it is imperative to isolate the true endophytes, not the surface microflora. The foremost step in endophyte isolation is the removal of epiphytic microbes from plant tissues, called as surface sterilization. The success of surface sterilization decides “what to grow” (the endophytes) and “what not to grow” (the epiphytes). It is very crucial to use an appropriate sterilant solution, concentration, and exposure time to ensure thorough surface disinfection with minimal damage to the endophytic diversity. Commonly used surface sterilants include sodium hypochlorite (2%–10%), ethanol (70%–90%), mercuric chloride (0.1%), formaldehyde (40%), and so forth. In addition, the efficiency could further be improved by pretreatment with surfactants such as Triton X‐100, Tween 80, and Tween 20. This review comprehensively deals with the various sterilants and sterilization methods for the isolation of endophytic microbes. In addition, the mechanisms and rationale behind using specific surface sterilants have also been elaborated at length.</jats:p>

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