Oligotyping analysis of the human oral microbiome

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  • A. Murat Eren
    Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543;
  • Gary G. Borisy
    Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
  • Susan M. Huse
    Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
  • Jessica L. Mark Welch
    Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543;

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<jats:title>Significance</jats:title> <jats:p>The human body, including the mouth, is home to a diverse assemblage of microbial organisms. Although high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes provides enormous amounts of census data, accurate identification of taxa in these large datasets remains problematic because widely used computational approaches do not resolve closely related but distinct organisms. We used a computational approach that relies on information theory to reanalyze the human oral microbiome. This analysis revealed organisms differing by as little as a single rRNA nucleotide, with dramatically different distributions across habitats or individuals. Our information theory-based approach in combination with habitat analysis demonstrates the potential to deconstruct entire microbiomes, detect previously unrecognized diversity, and provide deep insight into microbial communities in health and disease.</jats:p>

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