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- Kira A. Krumhansl
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Hakai Institute, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6;
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- Daniel K. Okamoto
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Hakai Institute, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6;
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- Andrew Rassweiler
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306;
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- Mark Novak
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331;
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- John J. Bolton
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa;
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- Kyle C. Cavanaugh
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
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- Sean D. Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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- Craig R. Johnson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001 TAS, Australia;
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- Brenda Konar
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775;
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- Scott D. Ling
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001 TAS, Australia;
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- Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950;
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- Kjell M. Norderhaug
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway;
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- Alejandro Pérez-Matus
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory and Marine Conservation Center, Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile;
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- Isabel Sousa-Pinto
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
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- Daniel C. Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106;
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- Anne K. Salomon
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Hakai Institute, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6;
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- Nick T. Shears
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 0941, New Zealand;
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- Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
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- Robert J. Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa;
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- Nevell S. Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001 TAS, Australia;
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- Alejandro H. Buschmann
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Recursos y Ambientes Costeros, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile;
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- Mark H. Carr
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;
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- Jennifer E. Caselle
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106;
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- Sandrine Derrien-Courtel
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Station Marine de Concarneau, 29182 Concarneau Cedex, France;
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- Graham J. Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001 TAS, Australia;
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- Matt Edwards
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182;
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- James A. Estes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;
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- Claire Goodwin
- Centre for Environmental Data and Recording, National Museums Northern Ireland, Holywood, Co. Down BT18 0EU, United Kingdom;
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- Michael C. Kenner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;
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- David J. Kushner
- Channel Islands National Park, Ventura, CA 93009;
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- Frithjof E. Moy
- Institute of Marine Research, 4817 His, Norway;
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- Julia Nunn
- Centre for Environmental Data and Recording, National Museums Northern Ireland, Holywood, Co. Down BT18 0EU, United Kingdom;
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- Robert S. Steneck
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Walpole, ME 04573;
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- Julio Vásquez
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile;
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- Jane Watson
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada V9R 5S5;
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- Jon D. Witman
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912;
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- Jarrett E. K. Byrnes
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125
説明
<jats:title>Significance</jats:title> <jats:p>Kelp forests support diverse and productive ecological communities throughout temperate and arctic regions worldwide, providing numerous ecosystem services to humans. Literature suggests that kelp forests are increasingly threatened by a variety of human impacts, including climate change, overfishing, and direct harvest. We provide the first globally comprehensive analysis of kelp forest change over the past 50 y, identifying a high degree of variation in the magnitude and direction of change across the geographic range of kelps. These results suggest region-specific responses to global change, with local drivers playing an important role in driving patterns of kelp abundance. Increased monitoring aimed at understanding regional kelp forest dynamics is likely to prove most effective for the adaptive management of these important ecosystems.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 (48), 13785-13790, 2016-11-14
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
