Nicotine Biosynthesis in Nicotiana: A Metabolic Overview

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  • Fernanda Fleig Zenkner
    Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15053, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91501-970, Brazil
  • Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
    Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15053, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91501-970, Brazil
  • Alexandro Cagliari
    Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil

書誌事項

公開日
2019
DOI
  • 10.3381/18-063
公開者
Tobacco Science

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説明

<jats:p>Alkaloids are important compounds found in <jats:italic>Nicotiana</jats:italic> plants, essential in plant defense against herbivores. The main alkaloid of <jats:italic>Nicotiana tabacum</jats:italic>, nicotine, is produced in roots and translocated to the leaves. Nicotine is formed by a pyrrolidine and a pyridine ring in a process involving several enzymes. The pyridine ring of nicotine is derived from nicotinic acid, whereas the pyrrolidine ring originates from polyamine putrescine metabolism. After synthesis in root cortical cells, a set of transporters is known to transport nicotine upward to the aerial part and store it in leaf vacuoles. Moreover, nicotine can be metabolized in leaves, giving rise to nornicotine through the <jats:italic>N-</jats:italic>demethylation process. Some <jats:italic>Nicotiana</jats:italic> wild species produce acyltransferase enzymes, which allow the plant to make <jats:italic>N-</jats:italic>acyl-nornicotine, an alkaloid with more potent insecticidal properties than nicotine. However, although we can find a wealth of information about the alkaloid production in <jats:italic>Nicotiana</jats:italic> spp., our understanding about nicotine biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism is still incomplete. This review will summarize these pathways on the basis on recent literature, as well as highlighting questions that need further investigation.</jats:p>

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