Strong Contrast in Remote Black Carbon Aerosol Loadings Between the Atlantic and Pacific Basins

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  • Joseph M. Katich
    NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division Boulder CO USA
  • B. H. Samset
    CICERO Center for International Climate Research Oslo Norway
  • T. Paul Bui
    NASA Ames Research Center Mountain View CA USA
  • M. Dollner
    Faculty of Physics, Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics University of Vienna (UNIVIE) Vienna Austria
  • K. D. Froyd
    NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division Boulder CO USA
  • P. Campuzano‐Jost
    Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
  • B. A. Nault
    Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
  • J. C. Schroder
    Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
  • B. Weinzierl
    Faculty of Physics, Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics University of Vienna (UNIVIE) Vienna Austria
  • J. P. Schwarz
    NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division Boulder CO USA

書誌事項

公開日
2018-12-04
権利情報
  • http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
DOI
  • 10.1029/2018jd029206
公開者
American Geophysical Union (AGU)

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説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Measurements of black carbon (BC) aerosol mass concentration in remote air are sparse, leading to poorly constrained regions that models struggle to represent. Here we present a new data set of BC concentration over the remote Pacific and Atlantic basins from 80 N to 65°S latitude that was obtained as part of NASA's Atmospheric Tomography campaign in July/August 2016. More than 100 vertical profiles, extending from ~0.2 to 13 km altitude above mean sea level, reveal sharp contrasts in loadings between the two basins. Over the Pacific, we found average BC concentration vertical profiles to be largely consistent with seasonally matched data obtained in 2011. Substantially higher loads were observed over the Atlantic in the low to middle troposphere than in the Pacific, likely due to strong regional sources and reduced convective removal in the tropics in this basin. Atlantic and Pacific BC concentrations converge in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, reflecting similar high‐altitude background concentrations. Comparison of the Atlantic data to the Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models suite of models (Phase II) reinforces previous speculation about the ensemble in the remote by quantifying an upper‐troposphere model‐high‐bias of as much as two orders of magnitude over wide latitude bands. However, these direct BC measurements reveal Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models ensemble underestimation of biomass burning BC in the outflow of continental Africa by nearly a factor of 5. This high‐BC loading region likely dominates BC's direct radiative effect over remote areas of the Pacific and Atlantic basins during the month of August.</jats:p>

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