Recent Advances on the Role of Cytokines in Atherosclerosis

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  • Hafid Ait-Oufella
    From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., S.T., Z.M., A.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.).
  • Soraya Taleb
    From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., S.T., Z.M., A.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.).
  • Ziad Mallat
    From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., S.T., Z.M., A.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.).
  • Alain Tedgui
    From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (H.A.-O., S.T., Z.M., A.T.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.).

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<jats:p>Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall driven by innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammation controls the development and the destabilization of arterial plaque. Cells involved in the atherosclerotic process secrete and are activated by soluble factors, known as cytokines. Important recent advances in the comprehension of the mechanisms of atherosclerosis have provided evidence for a dual role of cytokines: proinflammatory and T helper-1-related cytokines promote the development and progression of the disease, whereas antiinflammatory and regulatory T cell–related cytokines exert clear antiatherogenic activities. This review focuses on recent advances regarding the role of cytokines, with the exception of chemokines, in the development, progression, and complications of atherosclerosis.</jats:p>

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