Structure, Optical, and Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Properties of Pure and Transition-Metal-(Cr, Mn, and Ni)-Doped ZnO Nanocrystalline Films Grown by the Sol−Gel Method

  • W. W. Li
    Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China, College of Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
  • W. L. Yu
    Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China, College of Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
  • Y. J. Jiang
    Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China, College of Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
  • C. B. Jing
    Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China, College of Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
  • J. Y. Zhu
    Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China, College of Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
  • M. Zhu
    Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China, College of Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
  • Z. G. Hu
    Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China, College of Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
  • X. D. Tang
    Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China, College of Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
  • J. H. Chu
    Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China, College of Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China

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