Risk Factors Associated With Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units in Lombardy, Italy

Giacomo Grasselli, Massimiliano Greco, Alberto Zanella, Giovanni Albano, Massimo Antonelli, Giacomo Bellani, Ezio Bonanomi, Luca Cabrini, Eleonora Carlesso, Gianpaolo Castelli, Sergio Cattaneo, Danilo Cereda, Sergio Colombo, Antonio Coluccello, Giuseppe Crescini, Andrea Forastieri Molinari, Giuseppe Foti, Roberto Fumagalli, Giorgio Antonio Iotti, Thomas Langer, Nicola Latronico, Ferdinando Luca Lorini, Francesco Mojoli, Giuseppe Natalini, Carla Maria Pessina, Vito Marco Ranieri, Roberto Rech, Luigia Scudeller, Antonio Rosano, Enrico Storti, B. Taylor Thompson, Marcello Tirani, Pier Giorgio Villani, Antonio Pesenti, Maurizio Cecconi, Emiliano Agosteo, Andrea Albertin, Armando Alborghetti, Giorgio Aldegheri, Benvenuto Antonini, Enrico Barbara, Giulia Bardelloni, Sabrina Basilico, Nicolangela Belgiorno, Enrico Beretta, Angela Berselli, Leonardo Bianciardi, Stefano Bonazzi, Massimo Borelli, Nicola Bottino, Nicola Bronzini, Serena Brusatori, Carlo Capra, Livio Carnevale, Emanuele Catena, Simona Celotti, Stefania Cerutti, Davide Chiumello, Silvia Cirri, Giuseppe Citerio, Davide Coppini, Alberto Corona, Paolo Cortellazzi, Elena Costantini, Remo Daniel Covello, Gianluca De Filippi, Marco Dei Poli, Paolo Dughi, Fulvia Fieni, Gaetano Florio, Marco Galletti, Giorgio Antonio Gallioli, Hedwige Gay, Marco Gemma, Paolo Gnesin, Stefano Greco, Paolo Grosso, Luca Guatteri, Davide Guzzon, Roberto Keim, Andrea Lombardo, Filippo Mamprin, Giovanni Marino, Francesco Marino, Guido Merli, Antonio Micucci, Carmine Rocco Militano, Giacomo Monti, Stefano Muttini, Samantha Nadalin, Paolo Perazzo, Giovanni Battista Perego, Luciano Perotti, Nicola Petrucci, Angelo Pezzi, Simone Piva, Gina Portella, Alessandro Protti, Milena Racagni, Danilo Radrizzani, Maurizio Raimondi, Marco Ranucci, Mario Riccio, Patrizia Ruggeri, Giuseppe Sala, Luca Salvi, Pietro Sebastiano, Paolo Severgnini, Donato Sigurtà, Nino Stocchetti, Matteo Subert, Mario Tavola, Serena Todaro, Francesca Torriglia, Daniela Tubiolo, Roberto Valsecchi, Uberto Viola, Giovanni Vitale, Massimo Zambon, Elena Zoia

doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3539

Risk Factors Associated With Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units in Lombardy, Italy

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Giacomo Grasselli

Dipartimento di Anestesia, Rianimazione e Emergenza-Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Massimiliano Greco

Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
Alberto Zanella

Dipartimento di Anestesia, Rianimazione e Emergenza-Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Giovanni Albano

Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo, Italy
Massimo Antonelli

Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Giacomo Bellani

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
Ezio Bonanomi

Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
Luca Cabrini

Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy
Eleonora Carlesso

Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Gianpaolo Castelli

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Mantova–Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy
Sergio Cattaneo

Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
Danilo Cereda

Direzione Generale (DG) Welfare, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
Sergio Colombo

Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
Antonio Coluccello

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Cremona–Ospedale di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
Giuseppe Crescini

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Cremona–Ospedale di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
Andrea Forastieri Molinari

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Lecco–Ospedale di Lecco, Lecco, Italy
Giuseppe Foti

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
Roberto Fumagalli

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
Giorgio Antonio Iotti

Department of Intensive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
Thomas Langer

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
Nicola Latronico

Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
Ferdinando Luca Lorini

Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
Francesco Mojoli

Department of Intensive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
Giuseppe Natalini

Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Poliambulanza Hospital, Brescia, Italy
Carla Maria Pessina

Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Rhodense–Presidio di Rho, Milano, Italy
Vito Marco Ranieri

Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Roberto Rech

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Polo Universitario, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Luigia Scudeller

Direzione Scientifica, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Antonio Rosano

Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Poliambulanza Hospital, Brescia, Italy
Enrico Storti

Dipartimento Emergenza Urgenza, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Anestesia e Rianimazione, ASST, Lodi, Italy
B. Taylor Thompson

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
Marcello Tirani

Direzione Generale (DG) Welfare, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
Pier Giorgio Villani

Dipartimento Emergenza Urgenza, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Anestesia e Rianimazione, ASST, Lodi, Italy
Antonio Pesenti

Dipartimento di Anestesia, Rianimazione e Emergenza-Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Maurizio Cecconi

Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
Emiliano Agosteo

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Andrea Albertin

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Armando Alborghetti

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Giorgio Aldegheri

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Benvenuto Antonini

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Enrico Barbara

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Giulia Bardelloni

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Sabrina Basilico

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Nicolangela Belgiorno

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Enrico Beretta

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Angela Berselli

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Leonardo Bianciardi

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Stefano Bonazzi

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Massimo Borelli

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Nicola Bottino

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Nicola Bronzini

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Serena Brusatori

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Carlo Capra

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Livio Carnevale

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Emanuele Catena

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Simona Celotti

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Stefania Cerutti

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Davide Chiumello

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Silvia Cirri

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Giuseppe Citerio

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Davide Coppini

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Alberto Corona

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Paolo Cortellazzi

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Elena Costantini

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Remo Daniel Covello

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Gianluca De Filippi

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Marco Dei Poli

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Paolo Dughi

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Fulvia Fieni

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Gaetano Florio

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Marco Galletti

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Giorgio Antonio Gallioli

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Hedwige Gay

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Marco Gemma

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Paolo Gnesin

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Stefano Greco

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Paolo Grosso

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Luca Guatteri

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Davide Guzzon

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Roberto Keim

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Andrea Lombardo

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Filippo Mamprin

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Giovanni Marino

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Francesco Marino

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Guido Merli

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Antonio Micucci

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Carmine Rocco Militano

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Giacomo Monti

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Stefano Muttini

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Samantha Nadalin

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Paolo Perazzo

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Giovanni Battista Perego

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Luciano Perotti

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Nicola Petrucci

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Angelo Pezzi

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Simone Piva

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Gina Portella

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Alessandro Protti

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Milena Racagni

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Danilo Radrizzani

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Maurizio Raimondi

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Marco Ranucci

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Mario Riccio

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Patrizia Ruggeri

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Giuseppe Sala

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Luca Salvi

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Pietro Sebastiano

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Paolo Severgnini

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Donato Sigurtà

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Nino Stocchetti

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Matteo Subert

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Mario Tavola

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Serena Todaro

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Francesca Torriglia

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Daniela Tubiolo

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Roberto Valsecchi

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Uberto Viola

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Giovanni Vitale

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Massimo Zambon

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network
Elena Zoia

for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network