A 15-year follow-up study of patients with panic disorder

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec id="S0924933800018149_abs001" sec-type="other"><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Panic disorder (PD) is generally regarded as a chronic condition with considerable variation in severity of symptoms.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0924933800018149_abs002" sec-type="other"><jats:title>Aims</jats:title><jats:p>To describe the long-term outcome of naturalistically treated PD.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0924933800018149_abs003" sec-type="methods"><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Fifty-five outpatients with PD, who participated in a placebo-controlled drug trial of the efficacy of alprazolam and imipramine 15 years ago were reassessed with the same instruments used in the original study.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0924933800018149_abs004" sec-type="results"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Complete recovery (no panic attacks and no longer on medication during the last 10 years) was seen in 18% of patients, and an additional 13% recovered but were still on medication. Fifty-one percent experienced recurrent anxiety attacks whereas 18% still met diagnostic criteria for PD. The incidence of agoraphobia decreased from 69% to 20%. Patients with agoraphobia at admission tended to have a poorer long-term outcome according to daily functioning compared with patients without agoraphobia at admission, although both groups reported improved daily functioning at follow-up. Maintenance medication was common. No benzodiazepine abuse was reported.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0924933800018149_abs005" sec-type="conclusions"><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>PD has a favourable outcome in a substantial proportion of patients. However, the illness is chronic and needs treatment. The short-term treatment given in the drug trial had no influence on the long-term outcome.</jats:p></jats:sec>