Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe
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- Choongwon Jeong
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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- Shevan Wilkin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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- Tsend Amgalantugs
- Institute of Archaeology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, 14200 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia;
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- Abigail S. Bouwman
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
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- William Timothy Treal Taylor
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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- Richard W. Hagan
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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- Sabri Bromage
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115;
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- Soninkhishig Tsolmon
- Nutrition and Biotechnology Department, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, 14191 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia;
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- Christian Trachsel
- Functional Genomics Centre Zürich, University of Zürich/Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
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- Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Centre Zürich, University of Zürich/Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
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- Judith Littleton
- Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand;
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- Cheryl A. Makarewicz
- Institute of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Christian Albrechts University, 21118 Kiel, Germany;
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- John Krigbaum
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611;
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- Marta Burri
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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- Ashley Scott
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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- Ganmaa Davaasambuu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115;
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- Joshua Wright
- Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3FX Aberdeen, United Kingdom;
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- Franziska Irmer
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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- Erdene Myagmar
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, National University of Mongolia, 14200 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia;
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- Nicole Boivin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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- Martine Robbeets
- The Eurasia3angle Project, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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- Frank J. Rühli
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
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- Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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- Bruno Frohlich
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560;
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- Jessica Hendy
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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- Christina Warinner
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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説明
<jats:p>Recent paleogenomic studies have shown that migrations of Western steppe herders (WSH) beginning in the Eneolithic (ca. 3300–2700 BCE) profoundly transformed the genes and cultures of Europe and central Asia. Compared with Europe, however, the eastern extent of this WSH expansion is not well defined. Here we present genomic and proteomic data from 22 directly dated Late Bronze Age burials putatively associated with early pastoralism in northern Mongolia (ca. 1380–975 BCE). Genome-wide analysis reveals that they are largely descended from a population represented by Early Bronze Age hunter-gatherers in the Baikal region, with only a limited contribution (∼7%) of WSH ancestry. At the same time, however, mass spectrometry analysis of dental calculus provides direct protein evidence of bovine, sheep, and goat milk consumption in seven of nine individuals. No individuals showed molecular evidence of lactase persistence, and only one individual exhibited evidence of >10% WSH ancestry, despite the presence of WSH populations in the nearby Altai-Sayan region for more than a millennium. Unlike the spread of Neolithic farming in Europe and the expansion of Bronze Age pastoralism on the Western steppe, our results indicate that ruminant dairy pastoralism was adopted on the Eastern steppe by local hunter-gatherers through a process of cultural transmission and minimal genetic exchange with outside groups.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (48), E11248-, 2018-11-05
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences