Multiplex PCR for detection of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance determinants, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4 and mcr-5 for surveillance purposes

  • Ana Rita Rebelo
    National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, WHO Collaborating Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food borne Pathogens and European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
  • Valeria Bortolaia
    National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, WHO Collaborating Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food borne Pathogens and European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
  • Jette S Kjeldgaard
    National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, WHO Collaborating Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food borne Pathogens and European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
  • Susanne K Pedersen
    National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, WHO Collaborating Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food borne Pathogens and European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
  • Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
    National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, WHO Collaborating Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food borne Pathogens and European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
  • Inge M Hansen
    National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, WHO Collaborating Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food borne Pathogens and European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
  • Beatriz Guerra
    European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
  • Burkhard Malorny
    German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
  • Maria Borowiak
    German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
  • Jens Andre Hammerl
    German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
  • Antonio Battisti
    National Reference Laboratory for antimicrobial resistance, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
  • Alessia Franco
    National Reference Laboratory for antimicrobial resistance, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
  • Patricia Alba
    National Reference Laboratory for antimicrobial resistance, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
  • Agnes Perrin-Guyomard
    Anses, Fougères Laboratory, Fougères, France
  • Sophie A Granier
    Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
  • Cristina De Frutos Escobar
    Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, (LCV Algete), Madrid, Spain
  • Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
    Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
  • Laura Villa
    Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
  • Alessandra Carattoli
    Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
  • Rene S Hendriksen
    National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, WHO Collaborating Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food borne Pathogens and European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

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<jats:sec> <jats:title>Background and aim</jats:title> <jats:p>Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanisms have been identified worldwide in the past years. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for detection of all currently known transferable colistin resistance genes (<jats:italic>mcr-1</jats:italic> to <jats:italic>mcr-5</jats:italic>, and variants) in <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae</jats:italic> was developed for surveillance or research purposes. <jats:bold>Methods:</jats:bold> We designed four new primer pairs to amplify <jats:italic>mcr-1</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>mcr-2</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>mcr-3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>mcr-4</jats:italic> gene products and used the originally described primers for <jats:italic>mcr-5</jats:italic> to obtain a stepwise separation of ca 200 bp between amplicons. The primer pairs and amplification conditions allow for single or multiple detection of all currently described <jats:italic>mcr</jats:italic> genes and their variants present in <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae</jats:italic>. The protocol was validated testing 49 European <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic> isolates of animal origin. <jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> Multiplex PCR results in bovine and porcine isolates from Spain, Germany, France and Italy showed full concordance with whole genome sequence data. The method was able to detect <jats:italic>mcr-1, mcr-3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>mcr-4</jats:italic> as singletons or in different combinations as they were present in the test isolates. One new <jats:italic>mcr-4</jats:italic> variant, <jats:italic>mcr-4.6**</jats:italic>, was also identified. <jats:bold>Conclusions:</jats:bold> This method allows rapid identification of <jats:italic>mcr</jats:italic>-positive bacteria and overcomes the challenges of phenotypic detection of colistin resistance. The multiplex PCR should be particularly interesting in settings or laboratories with limited resources for performing genetic analysis as it provides information on the mechanism of colistin resistance without requiring genome sequencing.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

収録刊行物

  • Eurosurveillance

    Eurosurveillance 23 (6), 17-, 2018-02-08

    European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC)

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