A review of Neuropharmacology Effects of <i>Nigella sativa</i> and Its Main Component, Thymoquinone

<jats:p>Neuropharmacology is the scientific study of drug effect on nervous system. In the last few years, different natural plants and their active constituents have been used in neurological therapy. The availability, lower price, and less toxic effects of herbal medicines compared with synthetic agents make them as simple and excellent choice in the treatment of nervous diseases. <jats:italic>Nigella sativa</jats:italic>, which belongs to the botanical family of Ranunculaceae, is a widely used medicinal plant all over the world. In traditional and modern medicines several beneficial properties have been attributed to <jats:italic>N. sativa</jats:italic> and its main component, thymoquinone (TQ). In this review, various studies in scientific databases regarding the neuropharmacological aspects of <jats:italic>N. sativa</jats:italic> and TQ have been introduced. Results of these studies showed that <jats:italic>N. sativa</jats:italic> and TQ have several properties including anticonvulsant, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti‐ischemic, analgesic, antipsychotic, and memory enhancer. Furthermore, its protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson and multiple sclerosis have been discussed. Although there are many studies indicating the beneficial actions of this plant in nervous system, the number of research projects relating to the human reports is rare. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</jats:p>