Miniaturized Battery‐Free Wireless Systems for Wearable Pulse Oximetry

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  • Jeonghyun Kim
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
  • Philipp Gutruf
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
  • Antonio M. Chiarelli
    Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
  • Seung Yun Heo
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
  • Kyoungyeon Cho
    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
  • Zhaoqian Xie
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
  • Anthony Banks
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
  • Seungyoung Han
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
  • Kyung‐In Jang
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
  • Jung Woo Lee
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
  • Kyu‐Tae Lee
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
  • Xue Feng
    AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics Center for Mechanics and Materials Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
  • Yonggang Huang
    Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Center for Engineering and Health Skin Disease Research Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
  • Monica Fabiani
    Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
  • Gabriele Gratton
    Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
  • Ungyu Paik
    Department of Energy Engineering Hanyang University Seoul 133‐791 Republic of Korea
  • John A. Rogers
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA

Description

<jats:p>Development of unconventional technologies for wireless collection and analysis of quantitative, clinically relevant information on physiological status is of growing interest. Soft, biocompatible systems are widely regarded as important because they facilitate mounting on external (e.g., skin) and internal (e.g., heart and brain) surfaces of the body. Ultraminiaturized, lightweight, and battery‐free devices have the potential to establish complementary options in biointegration, where chronic interfaces (i.e., months) are possible on hard surfaces such as the fingernails and the teeth, with negligible risk for irritation or discomfort. Here, the authors report materials and device concepts for flexible platforms that incorporate advanced optoelectronic functionality for applications in wireless capture and transmission of photoplethysmograms, including quantitative information on blood oxygenation, heart rate, and heart rate variability. Specifically, reflectance pulse oximetry in conjunction with near‐field communication capabilities enables operation in thin, miniaturized flexible devices. Studies of the material aspects associated with the body interface, together with investigations of the radio frequency characteristics, the optoelectronic data acquisition approaches, and the analysis methods capture all of the relevant engineering considerations. Demonstrations of operation on various locations of the body and quantitative comparisons to clinical gold standards establish the versatility and the measurement accuracy of these systems, respectively.</jats:p>

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