Observation of transition metals at shunt locations in multicrystalline silicon solar cells

DOI PDF 3 Citations
  • T. Buonassisi
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, MS 62-203, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
  • O. F. Vyvenko
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, MS 62-203, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
  • A. A. Istratov
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, MS 62-203, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
  • E. R. Weber
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, MS 62-203, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
  • G. Hahn
    University of Konstanz, Department of Physics, P.O. Box X916, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
  • D. Sontag
    University of Konstanz, Department of Physics, P.O. Box X916, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
  • J. P. Rakotoniaina
    Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
  • O. Breitenstein
    Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
  • J. Isenberg
    Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Heidenhofstrasse 2, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
  • R. Schindler
    Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Heidenhofstrasse 2, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany

Description

<jats:p>By employing a combination of analytical tools including lock-in thermography and synchrotron-based x-ray fluorescence microscopy, transition metals have been identified at shunting locations in two types of low-cost multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cell materials: cast multicrystalline and ribbon growth on substrate (RGS). At a shunting location in the cast mc-Si cell, silver and titanium, both contact strip materials, have been identified at the shunting location, suggesting a process-induced error related to contact metallization. At a shunting location in the RGS cell, a material-specific shunting mechanism is described, involving channels of inverse conductivity type, where copper and iron are found. The possible roles of these metals in this shunting mechanism are discussed. These results illustrate the wide range of physical mechanisms involved with shunting in solar cells.</jats:p>

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