Etiological and Resistance Profile of Bacteria Involved in Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children

<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.</jats:italic>The objective of this study was to identify the bacteria most frequently responsible for urinary tract infection (UTI) in the population of under-2-year-olds in our geographic area and to evaluate the activity of antibiotics widely used for UTI treatment during a 4-year study period.<jats:italic>Materials and Methods.</jats:italic>A retrospective analysis was conducted of data on the identification and susceptibility of microorganisms isolated in urine samples from children under 2 years of age.<jats:italic>Results.</jats:italic>A total of 1,045 uropathogens were isolated.<jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic>accounted for the majority (60.3%) of these, followed by<jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis</jats:italic>(22.4%) and<jats:italic>Klebsiella</jats:italic>spp. (6.5%). The highest<jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic>susceptibility rates (>90%) were to piperacillin-tazobactam, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin, and the lowest were to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cotrimoxazole. Among all bacteria isolated, we highlight the overall high activity of piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin against both community and hospital isolates and the reduced activity of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalosporins, gentamicin, and cotrimoxazole. There was no significant change in the total activity of any of the studied antibiotics over the 4-year study period.<jats:italic>Conclusion.</jats:italic>Empiric treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cotrimoxazole, cephalosporins, and gentamicin may be inadequate due to their limited activity against uropathogens in our setting.</jats:p>