The Click modular router

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<jats:p> Click is a new software architecture for building flexible and configurable routers. A Click router is assembled from packet processing modules called <jats:italic>elements.</jats:italic> Individual elements implement simple router functions like packet classification, queueing, scheduling, and interfacing with network devices. Complete configurations are built by connecting elements into a graph; packets flow along the graph's edges. Several features make individual elements more powerful and complex configurations easier to write, including <jats:italic>pull processing,</jats:italic> which models packet flow driven by transmitting interfaces, and <jats:italic>flow-based router context,</jats:italic> which helps an element locate other interesting elements.We demonstrate several working configurations, including an IP router and an Ethernet bridge. These configurations are modular---the IP router has 16 elements on the forwarding path---and easy to extend by adding additional elements, which we demonstrate with augmented configurations. On commodity PC hardware running Linux, the Click IP router can forward 64-byte packets at 73,000 packets per second, just 10% slower than Linux alone. </jats:p>

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