Emerging Carbon‐Nanofiber Aerogels: Chemosynthesis versus Biosynthesis

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  • Zhen‐Yu Wu
    Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Department of Chemistry, Hefei Science Centre of CAS University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
  • Hai‐Wei Liang
    Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Department of Chemistry, Hefei Science Centre of CAS University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
  • Bi‐Cheng Hu
    Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Department of Chemistry, Hefei Science Centre of CAS University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
  • Shu‐Hong Yu
    Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Department of Chemistry, Hefei Science Centre of CAS University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Carbon aerogels that are typically prepared using sol–gel chemistry have unique three dimensional networks of interconnected nanometer‐sized particles and thus exhibit many fascinating physical properties and great application potentials in widespread fields. To boost the practical applications, it is necessary to develop efficient and low‐cost methods to produce high‐performance carbon aerogels on a large‐scale, preferably in a sustainable way. In 2012, two new classes of aerogels consisting of carbon‐nanofiber (CNF) networks were prepared from biomass‐derived precursors by chemosynthesis (i.e. template‐directed hydrothermal carbonization of carbohydrate) and biosynthesis (i.e. use of bacterial cellulose as precursor), respectively. This Review gives a critical overview of this emerging and rapidly developing field, focusing on the synthetic strategies of the carbon‐nanofiber aerogels and their outstanding physical properties. We also discuss the multifunctional application potentials of the two sorts of carbon aerogels and their nanocomposites, and highlight the challenges and future opportunities in this field.</jats:p>

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