The safety of combined sedation with propofol plus fentanyl for endoscopy screening and endoscopic variceal ligation in cirrhotic patients

<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to investigate the safety of combined sedation with propofol plus fentanyl in patients with liver cirrhosis during screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SEGD</jats:styled-content>) and a secondary prophylaxis for esophageal varices, endoscopic gastrointestinal ligation (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EVL</jats:styled-content>).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>A total of 309 patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled and divided into the sedated <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SEGD</jats:styled-content> group (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 83), the sedated <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EVL</jats:styled-content> group (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 137) and the conscious <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EVL</jats:styled-content> group (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 89), respectively, and 100 participants with no liver diseases who underwent endoscopy for gastritis were regarded as the sedated control group. Patients in the sedated groups were administrated with propofol plus fentanyl during the endoscopic procedures and their minimal hepatic encephalopathy and sedation‐related complications, including aspiration, hypoxia, hypotension and bradycardia, were evaluated and compared. The assessments of patient satisfaction and patient cooperation in the sedated and the conscious <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EVL</jats:styled-content> groups were conducted.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The incidences of complications during the endoscopic procedures were not significantly different among the sedated groups (20.5% in the sedated <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SEGD</jats:styled-content> group, 22.6% in the sedated <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EVL</jats:styled-content> group and 19.0% in the sedated control group). No minimal hepatic encephalopathy was induced in the sedated groups. More patients in the sedated <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EVL</jats:styled-content> group were satisfactory with the procedure compared with the conscious <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EVL</jats:styled-content> group, as evaluated by both endoscopists and the cirrhotic patients.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>A combined sedation with propofol plus fentanyl is safe for <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EVL</jats:styled-content> as well as for <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SEGD</jats:styled-content> in cirrhotic patients. Sedation might make it easier for endoscopists to perform procedures and might be more acceptable for cirrhotic patients.</jats:p></jats:sec>