Primary lymphoma of the thyroid: A review of the mayo clinic experience through 1978

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>At the Mayo Clinic, 103 patients with primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid have been diagnosed and treated through 1978. This study examines the clinical findings in the 57 new cases seen since the last review in 1966; pathology and survival are evaluated for the series as a whole, including the 46 patients reported previously. Age and sex patterns were unchanged since the earlier review; thyroid lymphoma tended to occur in middle‐ to older‐aged women, and patients typically presented with a fairly rapidly enlarging, painless, and firm thyroid mass. The most common histologic subtype of lymphoma encountered was diffuse large cell (diffuse histiocytic). Hashimoto's disease was found in 36% of the pathologic specimens available for review. Follow‐up was completed for all patients up to 1979. Age, sex, and histologic subtype of tumor did not appear to be significant determinants of prognosis. Patients in whom the lymphoma was confined to the thyroid (intrathyroidal type) had a better overall 5‐year survival rate (86%) than those in whom tumor invaded soft tissues surrounding the hyroid or involved regional cervical nodes (38% for the extrathyroidal type). Almost all of the patients who had intrathyroidal tumors underwent surgical resection before irradiation. However, 3 of the 5 patients in this group who were treated by radiotherapy alone survived more than 5 years. There were approximately equal numbers of patients with the extrathyroidal type of lymphoma who were treated either by radiotherapy combined with surgical resection or by radiotherapy alone. The one form of therapy was just as effective as the other</jats:bold>.</jats:p>