Warming, eutrophication, and predator loss amplify subsidies between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems

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  • Hamish S. Greig
    Biodiversity Research Centre and Zoology Department University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
  • Pavel Kratina
    Biodiversity Research Centre and Zoology Department University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
  • Patrick L. Thompson
    Biodiversity Research Centre and Zoology Department University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
  • Wendy J. Palen
    Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
  • John S. Richardson
    Biodiversity Research Centre and Zoology Department University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
  • Jonathan B. Shurin
    Biodiversity Research Centre and Zoology Department University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

書誌事項

公開日
2011-10-27
権利情報
  • http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
DOI
  • 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02540.x
公開者
Wiley

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説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The exchange of organisms and energy among ecosystems has major impacts on food web structure and dynamics, yet little is known about how climate warming combines with other pervasive anthropogenic perturbations to affect such exchanges. We used an outdoor freshwater mesocosm experiment to investigate the interactive effects of warming, eutrophication, and changes in top predators on the flux of biomass between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. We demonstrated that predatory fish decoupled aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by reducing the emergence of aquatic organisms and suppressing the decomposition of terrestrial plant detritus. In contrast, warming and nutrients enhanced cross‐ecosystem exchanges by increasing emergence and decomposition, and these effects were strongest in the absence of predators. Furthermore, we found that warming advanced while predators delayed the phenology of insect emergence. Our results demonstrate that anthropogenic perturbations may extend well beyond ecosystem boundaries by influencing cross‐ecosystem subsidies. We find that these changes are sufficient to substantially impact recipient communities and potentially alter the carbon balance between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere.</jats:p>

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