Preclinical anatomical, molecular, and functional imaging of the lung with multiple modalities

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  • Seth T. Gammon
    Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas;
  • Nathan Foje
    Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, Indiana;
  • Elizabeth M. Brewer
    Department of Pediatrics Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;
  • Elizabeth Owers
    Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, Indiana;
  • Charles A. Downs
    Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
  • Matthew D. Budde
    Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
  • W. Matthew Leevy
    Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, Indiana;
  • My N. Helms
    Department of Pediatrics Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;

Abstract

<jats:p>In vivo imaging is an important tool for preclinical studies of lung function and disease. The widespread availability of multimodal animal imaging systems and the rapid rate of diagnostic contrast agent development have empowered researchers to noninvasively study lung function and pulmonary disorders. Investigators can identify, track, and quantify biological processes over time. In this review, we highlight the fundamental principles of bioluminescence, fluorescence, planar X-ray, X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear imaging modalities (such as positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography) that have been successfully employed for the study of lung function and pulmonary disorders in a preclinical setting. The major principles, benefits, and applications of each imaging modality and technology are reviewed. Limitations and the future prospective of multimodal imaging in pulmonary physiology are also discussed. In vivo imaging bridges molecular biological studies, drug design and discovery, and the imaging field with modern medical practice, and, as such, will continue to be a mainstay in biomedical research.</jats:p>

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