Stimulatory effect of short-chain fatty acids on epithelial cell proliferation in the rat intestine: a possible explanation for trophic effects of fermentable fibre, gut microbes and luminal trophic factors

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<jats:p>1. Effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) on epithelial proliferation of the intestine were studied in ileally fistulated rats fed on an elemental diet.</jats:p><jats:p>2. The stimulatory effect of daily doses of acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids (100,20 and 60 mM respectively; pH 6.1) per fistula (3 ml, twice daily) on crypt cell production rate (CCPR) appeared within 2 d and lasted for at least 5 d.</jats:p><jats:p>3. The daily doses of SCFA for 14 d increased daily CCPR three to four fold. This effect was independent of the presence of gut bacteria.</jats:p><jats:p>4. Effects of SCFA were dose-dependent and varied among acids (butyrate > propionate > acetate). The effect was independent of low lumen pH.</jats:p><jats:p>5. In contrast, SCFA inhibited epithelial proliferation of isolated rat caecal tissue in vitro.</jats:p><jats:p>6. These results suggest that SCFA are physiological lumen trophic factors mediated by a systemic mechanism in vivo.</jats:p><jats:p>7. It is concluded that SCFA are involved in the trophic effects of gut microbes, ingestion of fermentable fibre, and lumen contents.</jats:p>

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