Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract in the management of anal fistula. A systematic review

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim</jats:title><jats:p>Over the last 5 years, the ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LIFT</jats:styled-content>) procedure has become increasingly popular as a sphincter‐preserving technique for the treatment of anal fistula. The aim of this article was to review the published literature on the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LIFT</jats:styled-content> procedure.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method</jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">C</jats:styled-content>ochrane database and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EMBASE</jats:styled-content> were searched from <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">J</jats:styled-content>anuary 1980 to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">N</jats:styled-content>ovember 2012, and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">P</jats:styled-content>ub<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">M</jats:styled-content>ed from <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">J</jats:styled-content>anuary 1966 to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">N</jats:styled-content>ovember 2012. All peer‐reviewed studies that investigated the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LIFT</jats:styled-content> procedure for the treatment of anal fistula were eligible for inclusion. Technical notes, commentaries, letters and meeting abstracts were excluded. The primary outcome measured was the overall fistula closure rate in relation to the length of follow‐up.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Twenty‐nine articles were originally identified using the search criteria. Thirteen were finally included for analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 18 to 93 patients, with a pooled total of 498. Most fistulae, 494 (99%), were of cryptoglandular aetiology, of which 470 (94%) were transsphincteric. Overall success rates ranged from 40 to 95%, with a pooled success of 71% (352 of 495 patients; 3 of 498 were lost to follow‐up). Follow‐up ranged from 1 to 55 months, with a reported mean or median of 4 to 19.5 months. One hundred and eighty‐three patients were formally assessed for continence, out of whom 11 (6%) had a minor disturbance.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Overall the systematic review shows that the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LIFT</jats:styled-content> procedure appears to be an effective sphincter‐conserving approach for the treatment of transsphincteric anal fistula with a pooled healing rate of 71% over a mean or median follow‐up period ranging from 4 to 19.5 months.</jats:p></jats:sec>