Eighteen years of ecological monitoring reveals multiple lines of evidence for tundra vegetation change

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  • Isla H. Myers‐Smith
    School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FF United Kingdom
  • Meagan M. Grabowski
    Yukon Research Centre Yukon College Whitehorse YT Y1A 5K4 Canada
  • Haydn J. D. Thomas
    School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FF United Kingdom
  • Sandra Angers‐Blondin
    School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FF United Kingdom
  • Gergana N. Daskalova
    School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FF United Kingdom
  • Anne D. Bjorkman
    School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FF United Kingdom
  • Andrew M. Cunliffe
    School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FF United Kingdom
  • Jakob J. Assmann
    School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FF United Kingdom
  • Joseph S. Boyle
    School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FF United Kingdom
  • Edward McLeod
    Department of Environment Yukon Parks–Inuvik Office Yukon Territorial Government Inuvik NWT X0E 0T0 Canada
  • Samuel McLeod
    Department of Environment Yukon Parks–Inuvik Office Yukon Territorial Government Inuvik NWT X0E 0T0 Canada
  • Ricky Joe
    Department of Environment Yukon Parks–Inuvik Office Yukon Territorial Government Inuvik NWT X0E 0T0 Canada
  • Paden Lennie
    Department of Environment Yukon Parks–Inuvik Office Yukon Territorial Government Inuvik NWT X0E 0T0 Canada
  • Deon Arey
    Department of Environment Yukon Parks–Inuvik Office Yukon Territorial Government Inuvik NWT X0E 0T0 Canada
  • Richard R. Gordon
    Department of Environment Yukon Parks–Inuvik Office Yukon Territorial Government Inuvik NWT X0E 0T0 Canada
  • Cameron D. Eckert
    Department of Environment Yukon Parks–Whitehorse Office Yukon Territorial Government Whitehorse Yukon Territory Y1A 2C6 Canada

説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The Arctic tundra is warming rapidly, yet the exact mechanisms linking warming and observed ecological changes are often unclear. Understanding mechanisms of change requires long‐term monitoring of multiple ecological parameters. Here, we present the findings of a collaboration between government scientists, local people, park rangers, and academic researchers that provide insights into changes in plant composition, phenology, and growth over 18 yr on Qikiqtaruk‐Herschel Island, Canada. Qikiqtaruk is an important focal research site located at the latitudinal tall shrub line in the western Arctic. This unique ecological monitoring program indicates the following findings: (1) nine days per decade advance of spring phenology, (2) a doubling of average plant canopy height per decade, but no directional change in shrub radial growth, and (3) a doubling of shrub and graminoid abundance and a decrease by one‐half in bare ground cover per decade. Ecological changes are concurrent with satellite‐observed greening and, when integrated, suggest that indirect warming from increased growing season length and active layer depths, rather than warming summer air temperatures alone, could be important drivers of the observed tundra vegetation change. Our results highlight the vital role that long‐term and multi‐parameter ecological monitoring plays in both the detection and attribution of global change.</jats:p>

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