In vivo diffusion tensor imaging of human calf muscle

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>To investigate a tetrahedral diffusion gradient encoding scheme to measure the diffusion tensor in vivo for human calf muscle.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The theoretical TE which maximizes the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the diffusion images was derived for both the orthogonal and tetrahedral sampling strategies and the SNR advantage verified experimentally. A diffusion echo‐planar imaging (EPI) sequence was used to image five volunteers. Gradient cycling and geometric averaging was performed to eliminate cross‐terms between the imaging and diffusion gradients.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Trace diffusion coefficients in human muscle are spatially invariant and have low intersubject variability (<4%). Images of the off‐diagonal terms confirm the anisotropy of muscle, and fiber orientation maps were derived from these off‐diagonal images. A noninvariant index of anisotropy, A<jats:sub>ratio</jats:sub> (average value: 1.28), was found to be less susceptible to noise than the invariant index.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>This technique is robust and can be readily implemented on clinical scanners with EPI capabilities. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:87–95. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</jats:p></jats:sec>

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