β-delayed Fission in r-process Nucleosynthesis

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We present <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>-delayed neutron emission and <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>-delayed fission (<jats:italic>β</jats:italic>df) calculations for heavy, neutron-rich nuclei using the coupled Quasi-Particle Random Phase Approximation plus Hauser-Feshbach (QRPA+HF) approach. From the initial population of a compound nucleus after <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>-decay, we follow the statistical decay, taking into account competition between neutrons, <jats:italic>γ</jats:italic>-rays, and fission. We find a region of the chart of nuclides where the probability of <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>df is ∼100%, which likely prevents the production of superheavy elements in nature. For a subset of nuclei near the neutron dripline, neutron multiplicity and the probability of fission are both large, leading to the intriguing possibility of multi-chance <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>df, a decay mode for extremely neutron-rich heavy nuclei. In this decay mode, <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>-decay can be followed by multiple neutron emission, leading to subsequent daughter generations that each have a probability to fission. We explore the impact of <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>df in rapid neutron-capture process (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>-process) nucleosynthesis in the tidal ejecta of a neutron star–neutron star merger and show that it is a key fission channel that shapes the final abundances near the second <jats:italic>r</jats:italic>-process peak.</jats:p>

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