<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Doma, K, Leicht, A, Sinclair, W, Schumann, M, Damas, F, Burt, D, and Woods, C. Impact of exercise-induced muscle damage on performance test outcomes in elite female basketball players. <jats:italic toggle="yes">J Strength Cond Res</jats:italic> 32(6): 1731–1738, 2018—The purpose of this study was 2-fold: first, to examine the impact of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) on physical fitness qualities after a basketball-specific training session; second, to determine the reproducibility of the sport-specific performance measures in elite female basketball players. Ten elite female basketball players (age 25.6 ± 4.5 years; height 1.8 ± 0.7 m; and body mass 76.7 ± 8.3 kg) undertook a 90-minute training session involving repeated jumping, sprinting, and game-simulated training. Indirect muscle damage markers (i.e., countermovement jump, delayed onset of muscle soreness [DOMS], and creatine kinase [CK]) and sport-specific performances (i.e., change-of-direction [COD] test and suicide test [ST]) were measured before and 24 hours after training. These measures were also collected 1 week after training to determine the reproducibility of the basketball-specific performance measures. A significant reduction in lower-body power (−3.5 ± 3.6%; <jats:italic toggle="yes">p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.05), while a significant increase in DOMS (46.7 ± 26.3%; <jats:italic toggle="yes">p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.05) and CK (57.6 ± 23.1%; <jats:italic toggle="yes">p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.05) was observed 24 hours after exercise. The ST was also significantly increased (2.1 ± 1.8%; <jats:italic toggle="yes">p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.05), although no difference was observed for COD (0.1 ± 2.0%; <jats:italic toggle="yes">p</jats:italic> > 0.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation for the COD and ST were 0.81 and 0.90, respectively, and 1.9 and 1.5%, respectively. In conclusion, appropriate recovery should be considered the day after basketball-specific training sessions in elite basketball players. Furthermore, this study showed the usability of performance measures to detect changes during periods of EIMD, with acceptable reproducibility and minimal measurement error.</jats:p>