<b>Involvement of resistance induction by <i>Penicillum oxalicum</i> in the biocontrol of tomato wilt</b>

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<jats:p> <jats:italic>Penicillium oxalicum</jats:italic>, a biocontrol agent for <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum</jats:italic> f.sp. <jats:italic>lycopersici</jats:italic>, was tested for its ability to induce resistance against tomato wilt. <jats:italic>P. oxalicum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>F. oxysporum</jats:italic> f.sp. <jats:italic>lycopersici</jats:italic> were placed at separate sites on tomato plants or in soil, avoiding a direct interaction between the fungi. <jats:italic>P. oxalicum</jats:italic> induced resistance as expressed by a reduction in disease severity, area under disease progress curve and stunting induced by the pathogen. <jats:italic>P. oxalicum</jats:italic> colonized the tomato rhizosphere during the experiments but it was not detected inside stems, demonstrating that <jats:italic>P. oxalicum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum</jats:italic> f.sp. <jats:italic>lycopersici</jats:italic> remained spatially separated. Biological control was observed both in sensitive and ‘resistant’ cultivars, indicating the role of a general resistance mechanism. In both cultivars <jats:italic>P. oxalicum</jats:italic> treatment alone did not produce disease symptoms. Therefore <jats:italic>P. oxalicum</jats:italic> could be a suitable biocontrol agent in cases of cultivar resistance failure. These results suggest that <jats:italic>P. oxalicum</jats:italic> can trigger defence mechanisms in the plant.</jats:p>

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