The Role of Trichocyst Discharge and Backward Swimming in Escaping Behavior of <i>Paramecium</i> from <i>Dileptus margaritifer</i>1

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<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Trichocyst discharge is an effective defense of <jats:italic>Paramecium</jats:italic> against <jats:italic>Dileptus margaritifer.</jats:italic> The possible defensive function of backward swimming, which often follows trichocyst discharge upon <jats:italic>Paramecium‐Dileptus</jats:italic> encounters was studied. Mutants incapable of backward swimming (<jats:italic>pawnA</jats:italic> in <jats:italic>P. tetraurelia, cnrA</jats:italic> in <jats:italic>P. caudatum</jats:italic>) escaped from dilepti nearly as frequently as wild‐type cells. Double mutants (<jats:italic>pawnA‐nd7, cnrA‐tnd2</jats:italic>) were eaten nearly as frequently as mutants incapable of trichocyst discharge. Thus, in the defense of <jats:italic>Paramecium</jats:italic> against <jats:italic>D. margaritifer</jats:italic>, the role of backward swimming is minor, if any, compared to trichocyst discharge. Among escaped cells, about a half of wild‐type and essentially none of <jats:italic>pawnA</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>cnrA</jats:italic>) cells showed backward swimming. <jats:italic>Paramecium</jats:italic> behavior during the encounter can be mimicked by the local, not global, application of lysozyme which is a strong secretagogue of trichocyst.</jats:p>

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