Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) in Polar Stratospheric Clouds

DOI Web Site 2 Citations
  • Christiane Voigt
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Jochen Schreiner
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Andreas Kohlmann
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Peter Zink
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Konrad Mauersberger
    Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Niels Larsen
    Division of Middle Atmosphere Research, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Terry Deshler
    Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Post Office Box 3038, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
  • Chris Kröger
    Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Post Office Box 3038, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
  • Jim Rosen
    Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Post Office Box 3038, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
  • Alberto Adriani
    CNR-Istituto di Fisica dell'Atmosfera, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
  • Francesco Cairo
    CNR-Istituto di Fisica dell'Atmosfera, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
  • Guido Di Donfrancesco
    CNR-Istituto di Fisica dell'Atmosfera, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
  • Maurizio Viterbini
    CNR-Istituto di Fisica dell'Atmosfera, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
  • Joelle Ovarlez
    Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique du CNRS, École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.
  • Henri Ovarlez
    Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique du CNRS, École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.
  • Christine David
    Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France.
  • Andreas Dörnbrack
    DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, D-82234 Wessling, Germany.

Description

<jats:p>A comprehensive investigation of polar stratospheric clouds was performed on 25 January 2000 with instruments onboard a balloon gondola flown from Kiruna, Sweden. Cloud layers were repeatedly encountered at altitudes between 20 and 24 kilometers over a wide range of atmospheric temperatures (185 to 197 kelvin). Particle composition analysis showed that a large fraction of the cloud layers was composed of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, containing water and nitric acid at a molar ratio of 3:1; this confirmed that these long-sought solid crystals exist well above ice formation temperatures. The presence of NAT particles enhances the potential for chlorine activation with subsequent ozone destruction in polar regions, particularly in early and late winter.</jats:p>

Journal

  • Science

    Science 290 (5497), 1756-1758, 2000-12

    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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