Spontaneous Generation of δ-sunspots in Convective Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of Magnetic Flux Emergence

DOI DOI Web Site Web Site 被引用文献16件 参考文献43件 オープンアクセス

書誌事項

公開日
2019-11-20
資源種別
journal article
権利情報
  • https://iopscience.iop.org/page/copyright
  • https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining
DOI
  • 10.3847/2041-8213/ab55e7
  • 10.48550/arxiv.1911.03909
公開者
American Astronomical Society

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説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Observations reveal that strong solar flares and coronal mass ejections tend to occur in complex active regions characterized by <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic>-sunspots, spot rotation, sheared polarity inversion lines (PILs), and magnetic flux ropes. Here we report on the first modeling of spontaneous <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic>-spot generation as a result of flux emergence from the turbulent convection zone. Utilizing state-of-the-art radiative magnetohydrodynamics code <jats:italic>R2D2</jats:italic>, we simulate the emergence of a force-free flux tube in the convection zone that stretches down to −140 Mm. Elevated by large-scale convective upflows, the tube appears on the photosphere as two emerging bipoles. The opposite polarities collide against each other due to the subsurface connectivity, and they develop into a pair of closely packed <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic>-spots. The Lorentz force drives the spot rotation and a strong counter-streaming flow of 10 km s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at the PIL in <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic>-spots, which, in tandem with local convection, strengthens the horizontal field to 4 kG and builds up a highly sheared PIL. In the atmosphere above the PIL, a flux rope structure is created. All these processes follow the multi-buoyant segment theory of the <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic>-spot formation, and they occur as a natural consequence of interaction between magnetic flux and turbulent convection, suggesting that the generation of <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic>-spots and the resultant flare eruptions may be a stochastically determined process.</jats:p>

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