Ultra-high-yield growth of vertical single-walled carbon nanotubes: Hidden roles of hydrogen and oxygen

DOI Web Site 25 Citations
  • Guangyu Zhang
    Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
  • David Mann
    Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
  • Li Zhang
    Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
  • Ali Javey
    Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
  • Yiming Li
    Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
  • Erhan Yenilmez
    Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
  • Qian Wang
    Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
  • James P. McVittie
    Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
  • Yoshio Nishi
    Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
  • James Gibbons
    Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
  • Hongjie Dai
    Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305

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<jats:p> An oxygen-assisted hydrocarbon chemical vapor deposition method is developed to afford large-scale, highly reproducible, ultra-high-yield growth of vertical single-walled carbon nanotubes (V-SWNTs). It is revealed that reactive hydrogen species, inevitable in hydrocarbon-based growth, are damaging to the formation of sp <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> -like SWNTs in a diameter-dependent manner. The addition of oxygen scavenges H species and provides a powerful control over the C/H ratio to favor SWNT growth. The revelation of the roles played by hydrogen and oxygen leads to a unified and universal optimum-growth condition for SWNTs. Further, a versatile method is developed to form V-SWNT films on any substrate, lifting a major substrate-type limitation for aligned SWNTs. </jats:p>

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