Transport, signaling, and homeostasis of potassium and sodium in plants

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  • Eri Adams
    RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama Kanagawa 230‐0045 Japan
  • Ryoung Shin
    RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama Kanagawa 230‐0045 Japan

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label /><jats:p>Potassium (K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>) is an essential macronutrient in plants and a lack of K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> significantly reduces the potential for plant growth and development. By contrast, sodium (Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>), while beneficial to some extent, at high concentrations it disturbs and inhibits various physiological processes and plant growth. Due to their chemical similarities, some functions of K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> can be undertaken by Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> but K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> homeostasis is severely affected by salt stress, on the other hand. Recent advances have highlighted the fascinating regulatory mechanisms of K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> transport and signaling in plants. This review summarizes three major topics: (i) the transport mechanisms of K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> from the soil to the shoot and to the cellular compartments; (ii) the mechanisms through which plants sense and respond to K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> availability; and (iii) the components involved in maintenance of K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>/Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> homeostasis in plants under salt stress. <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/jipb12159-gra-0001.png" xlink:title="jipb12159-gra-0001" /></jats:p></jats:sec>

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