Spontaneous Alignment of Graphene Oxide in Hydrogel during 3D Printing for Multistimuli‐Responsive Actuation

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  • Mingchao Zhang
    Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics (CNMM) Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
  • Yiliang Wang
    Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics (CNMM) Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
  • Muqiang Jian
    Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics (CNMM) Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
  • Chunya Wang
    Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics (CNMM) Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
  • Xiaoping Liang
    Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics (CNMM) Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
  • Jiali Niu
    Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
  • Yingying Zhang
    Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics (CNMM) Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China

説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Natural materials are often compositionally and structurally heterogeneous for realizing particular functions. Inspired by nature, researchers have designed hybrid materials that possess properties beyond each of the components. Particularly, it remains a great challenge to realize site‐specific anisotropy, which widely exists in natural materials and is responsible for unique mechanical properties as well as physiological behaviors. Herein, the spontaneous formation of aligned graphene oxide (GO) flakes in sodium alginate (SA) matrix with locally controlled orientation via a direct‐ink‐writing printing process is reported. The GO flakes are spontaneously aligned in the SA matrix by shear force when being extruded and then arranged horizontally after drying on the substrate, forming a brick‐and‐mortar structure that could anisotropically contract or expand upon activation by heat, light, or water. By designing the printing pathways directed by finite element analysis, the orientation of GO flakes in the composite is locally controlled, which could further guide the composite to transform into versatile architectures. Particularly, the transformation is reversible when water vapor is applied as one of the stimuli. As a proof of concept, complex morphing architectures are experimentally demonstrated, which are in good consistency with the simulation results.</jats:p>

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