Ice Core Record of Persistent Short‐Chain Fluorinated Alkyl Acids: Evidence of the Impact From Global Environmental Regulations
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- Heidi M. Pickard
- Department of Chemistry Memorial University St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
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- Alison S. Criscitiello
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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- Daniel Persaud
- Department of Chemistry York University Toronto Ontario Canada
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- Christine Spencer
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada Burlington Ontario Canada
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- Derek C. G. Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada Burlington Ontario Canada
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- Igor Lehnherr
- Department of Geography University of Toronto‐Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada
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- Martin J. Sharp
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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- Amila O. De Silva
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada Burlington Ontario Canada
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- Cora J. Young
- Department of Chemistry York University Toronto Ontario Canada
抄録
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Short chain perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids (scPFCAs, C<jats:sub>x</jats:sub>F<jats:sub>2x+1</jats:sub>COOH, x ≤ 3) are persistent compounds formed from atmospheric oxidation of fluorotelomer compounds and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacements introduced as a result of the Montreal Protocol. Understanding sources and impacts of scPFCAs has been limited by observational data. We report multidecadal depositional fluxes for trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) from two Arctic ice cores. Fluxes of all three scPFCAs increase starting around 1990. Through comparison with chemical transport models and assessment of temporal trends, we observe the importance of CFC replacements in the increased deposition of TFA. Fluorotelomer degradation may contribute to the deposition of PFBA but is insignificant for TFA and PFPrA. Deposition of TFA is expected to increase as new CFC replacement compounds are phased in. This work demonstrates the increased environmental burden of persistent and potentially toxic scPFCAs as a result of global regulation.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Geophysical Research Letters
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Geophysical Research Letters 47 (10), 1-, 2020-05-14
American Geophysical Union (AGU)