The family of K<sub>2P</sub> channels: salient structural and functional properties

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  • Sylvain Feliciangeli
    LabEx ICST Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS and Université de Nice‐Sophia Antipolis 660 Route des Lucioles 06560 Valbonne France
  • Frank C. Chatelain
    LabEx ICST Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS and Université de Nice‐Sophia Antipolis 660 Route des Lucioles 06560 Valbonne France
  • Delphine Bichet
    LabEx ICST Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS and Université de Nice‐Sophia Antipolis 660 Route des Lucioles 06560 Valbonne France
  • Florian Lesage
    LabEx ICST Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS and Université de Nice‐Sophia Antipolis 660 Route des Lucioles 06560 Valbonne France

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<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Potassium channels participate in many biological functions, from ion homeostasis to generation and modulation of the electrical membrane potential. They are involved in a large variety of diseases. In the human genome, 15 genes code for K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> channels with two pore domains (K<jats:sub>2P</jats:sub>). These channels form dimers of pore‐forming subunits that produce background conductances finely regulated by a range of natural and chemical effectors, including signalling lipids, temperature, pressure, pH, antidepressants and volatile anaesthetics. Since the cloning of TWIK1, the prototypical member of this family, a lot of work has been carried out on their structure and biology. These studies are still in progress, but data gathered so far show that K<jats:sub>2P</jats:sub> channels are central players in many processes, including ion homeostasis, hormone secretion, cell development and excitability. A growing number of studies underline their implication in physiopathological mechanisms, such as vascular and pulmonary hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, nociception, neuroprotection and depression. This review gives a synthetic view of the most noticeable features of these channels.</jats:p></jats:sec>

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