A study on seasonal variation of skin parameters in Korean males

<jats:title>Synopsis</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>The physiological characteristics of the skin are varied greatly, depending on gender, age, region and race, and many dermatologic researches have been performed through various research methods. This study aimed to examine how Korean men's skin conditions were influenced by temperature or humidity changes caused by seasonal rotations.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>A total of 100 healthy Korean men, age range 20–59 years, participated in the study for both summer and winter. We compared on the characteristics of skin between summer and winter. The skin hydration, skin pH and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">TEWL</jats:styled-content> were evaluated on the forehead, cheek and forearm. The skin sebum content of the glabella, nasal ala and cheek was measured using Sebumeter<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> (SM810, Courage+Khazaka, Germany). Cutometer<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MPA</jats:styled-content> 580 Courage+Khazaka, Germany) the elasticity was measured by on the cheeks, and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PRIMOS</jats:styled-content> lite<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> (Phase shift Rapid <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic> Measurement of Skin, GFMesstechnik GmbH, Germany) was used to evaluate wrinkles on crow's feet. Lastly, in addition, the skin pore of the face was measured using the Janus<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PSI</jats:styled-content>, Korea) which is a facial analysis system.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The results were as follows: the comparison of hydration in summer and winter shows significant differences in their forehead, cheeks and forearm. The <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">pH</jats:styled-content> values of the skin surface were generally higher in winter, and significantly different on each site, and the sebum content was higher in summer than in winter. As a result of the pore measurement, the summer showed more pores compared to the winter, and there was a statistically significant difference in skin pores between summer and winter. The sensitivity measured by stinging test increases significantly more in winter than in summer. However, there were no seasonal differences in wrinkles and skin brightness.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>The skin surface pH, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">TEWL</jats:styled-content>, sebum content, hydration, elasticity, wrinkles, skin pore and skin sensitivity vary with seasons and body regions in Korean men.</jats:p></jats:sec>