Oral bacteria in placental tissues: increased molecular detection in pregnant periodontitis patients

  • V Blanc
    Microbiology Laboratory Dentaid Research Center Cerdanyola del Valles Barcelona Spain
  • F O'Valle
    Pathology Department School of Medicine University of Granada Granada Spain
  • E Pozo
    Periodontology Department School of Dentistry University of Granada Granada Spain
  • A Puertas
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital Granada Spain
  • R León
    Microbiology Laboratory Dentaid Research Center Cerdanyola del Valles Barcelona Spain
  • F Mesa
    Periodontology Department School of Dentistry University of Granada Granada Spain

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<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to identify the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DNA</jats:styled-content> of oral bacteria in placental samples from women with and without periodontitis who had or had not had preterm births and/or low birthweight (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PB</jats:styled-content>/<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LBW</jats:styled-content>) neonates.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Data were gathered from 57 puerperal women in relation to socio‐demographic, gynaecological, and periodontal variables and to placental histomorphology. Fifty‐seven biopsies, 28 from mothers with periodontitis, were taken aseptically from preterm placentas (<jats:italic>n </jats:italic>= 36) and from full‐term placentas (<jats:italic>n </jats:italic>= 21). Total <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DNA</jats:styled-content> was extracted, and the presence of 15 oral bacteria was assessed using Nested‐<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PCR</jats:styled-content>.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The placentas from women with periodontitis showed a higher prevalence of periodontopathogens compared to those from women without periodontitis (<jats:italic>P </jats:italic>= 0.009). Samples showed low prevalences of <jats:italic>Actinomyces israelii</jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Parvimonas micra</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Tannerella forsythia</jats:italic>. An association was found between <jats:italic>Eikenella corrodens</jats:italic> in placenta and periodontitis (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.002). The most ubiquitous bacterium, <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum,</jats:italic> was more prevalent in mothers with periodontitis and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PB</jats:styled-content>/<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LBW</jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.033). <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</jats:italic> were not detected.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>These results, along with previous findings, show that oral bacteria may be normally present in the placenta, however, the levels of certain oral pathogens in the placenta would highly depend on the mother's periodontal state.</jats:p></jats:sec>

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