From barcodes to genomes: extending the concept of DNA barcoding

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DNA</jats:styled-content> barcoding has had a major impact on biodiversity science. The elegant simplicity of establishing massive scale databases for a few barcode loci is continuing to change our understanding of species diversity patterns, and continues to enhance human abilities to distinguish among species. Capitalizing on the developments of next generation sequencing technologies and decreasing costs of genome sequencing, there is now the opportunity for the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DNA</jats:styled-content> barcoding concept to be extended to new kinds of genomic data. We illustrate the benefits and capacity to do this, and also note the constraints and barriers to overcome before it is truly scalable. We advocate a twin track approach: (i) continuation and acceleration of global efforts to build the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DNA</jats:styled-content> barcode reference library of life on earth using standard <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DNA</jats:styled-content> barcodes <jats:italic>and</jats:italic> (ii) active development and application of extended <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DNA</jats:styled-content> barcodes using genome skimming to augment the standard barcoding approach.</jats:p>

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