Alpha-, Delta- and PP-cells
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- Melissa F. Brereton
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (MFB), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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- Elisa Vergari
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (MFB), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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- Quan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (MFB), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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- Anne Clark
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (MFB), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Bibliographic Information
- Other Title
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- Are They the Architectural Cornerstones of Islet Structure and Co-ordination?
Description
<jats:p> Islet non-β-cells, the α- δ- and pancreatic polypeptide cells (PP-cells), are important components of islet architecture and intercellular communication. In α-cells, glucagon is found in electron-dense granules; granule exocytosis is calcium-dependent via P/Q-type Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>-channels, which may be clustered at designated cell membrane sites. Somatostatin-containing δ-cells are neuron-like, creating a network for intra-islet communication. Somatostatin 1-28 and 1-14 have a short bioactive half-life, suggesting inhibitory action via paracrine signaling. PP-cells are the most infrequent islet cell type. The embryologically separate ventral pancreas anlage contains PP-rich islets that are morphologically diffuse and α-cell deficient. Tissue samples taken from the head region are unlikely to be representative of the whole pancreas. PP has anorexic effects on gastro-intestinal function and alters insulin and glucagon secretion. Islet architecture is disrupted in rodent diabetic models, diabetic primates and human Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, with an increased α-cell population and relocation of non-β-cells to central areas of the islet. In diabetes, the transdifferentiation of non-β-cells, with changes in hormone content, suggests plasticity of islet cells but cellular function may be compromised. Understanding how diabetes-related disordered islet structure influences intra-islet cellular communication could clarify how non-β-cells contribute to the control of islet function. </jats:p>
Journal
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- Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
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Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 63 (8), 575-591, 2015-07-27
SAGE Publications
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Details 詳細情報について
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- CRID
- 1363388843674914688
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- ISSN
- 15515044
- 00221554
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- Data Source
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- Crossref