The TGF-β, PI3K/Akt and PTEN pathways: established and proposed biochemical integration in prostate cancer

  • Stephen J. Assinder
    Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute Prostate Cancer Focus Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
  • Qihan Dong
    Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School and Bosch Institute Prostate Cancer Focus Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
  • Zaklina Kovacevic
    Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute Prostate Cancer Focus Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
  • Des R. Richardson
    Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute Prostate Cancer Focus Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia

説明

<jats:p>A key to the development of improved pharmacological treatment strategies for cancer is an understanding of the integration of biochemical pathways involved in both tumorigenesis and cancer suppression. Furthermore, genetic markers that may predict the outcome of targeted pharmacological intervention in an individual are central to patient-focused treatment regimens rather than the traditional ‘one size fits all’ approach. Prostate cancer is a highly heterogenous disease in which a patient-tailored care program is a holy grail. This review will describe the evidence that demonstrates the integration of three established pathways: the tumour-suppressive TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) pathway, the tumorigenic PI3K/Akt (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B) pathway and the tumour-suppressive PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) pathway. It will discuss gene polymorphisms and somatic mutations in relevant genes and highlight novel pharmaceutical agents that target key points in these integrated pathways.</jats:p>

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