Sand Ripples and Dunes

DOI Web Site 2 Citations
  • François Charru
    Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse, CNRS-INP-UPS – Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France;
  • Bruno Andreotti
    Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, PMMH UMR 7636 ESPCI – CNRS – Université Paris Diderot – Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France;,
  • Philippe Claudin
    Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, PMMH UMR 7636 ESPCI – CNRS – Université Paris Diderot – Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France;,

Description

<jats:p> An erodible bed sheared by a fluid flow, gas or liquid, is generally unstable, and bed forms grow. This review discusses the following issues, in light of the recent literature: What are the relevant dynamical mechanisms controlling the emergence of bed forms? Do they form by linear instability or nonlinear processes such as pattern coarsening? What determines their timescales and length scales, so different in air and water? What are the similarities and differences between aeolian and subaqueous patterns? What is the influence of the mode of transport: bed load, saltation, or suspension? Can bed forms emerge under any hydrodynamical regime, laminar and turbulent? Guided by these questions, we propose a unified description of bed-form growth and saturation, emphasizing the hydrodynamical regime in the inner layer and the relaxation phenomena associated with particle transport. </jats:p>

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